[Harrison]

I've having html issues, so the Word version for now for the rest of the abstracts...
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Am J Med. 1993 Jan;94(1):21-8. Am J Med. 2001 Aug1;111(2):161.
ANAEROBIC OSTEOMYELITIS AND ARTHRITIS IN A MILITARY HOSPITAL: A 10-YEAR EXPERIENCE.
Brook I, Frazier EH.

Department of Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
PURPOSE: The methods of collecting, transporting, cultivating, and identifying aerobic bacteria in bone and joint infections have improved markedly since the early 1980s. In addition, many of the anaerobes have been reclassified and renamed. The purpose of this study was to provide more
obic cocci (45), Fusobacterium species (11), Propionibacterium acnes (7), and Clostridium species (6). Conditions predisposing to bone infections were vascular disease, bites, contiguous infection, peripheral neuropathy, hematogenous spread, and trauma. Pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas species were mostly isolated in skull and bite infections (7 of 19), members of the Bacteroides fragilis group in hand and feet infection (12 of 16), and Fusobacterium species in skull, bite, and hematogenous long bone infections. Seventy-four organisms (1.1 isolates/specimen), consisting of 67 anaerobic bacteria (1.0 isolate/specimen) and 7 facultative or aerobic bacteria (0.1 isolate/specimen), were isolated from 65 joint specimens. The predominant anaerobes were P. acnes (24 isolates), anaerobic cocci (17), Bacteroides species (10), and Clostridium species (5). Predisposing conditions to joint infection were trauma, prior surgery, presence of a prosthetic joint, and contiguous infection. P. acnes isolates were associated with prosthetic joints, members of the B. fragilis group with hematogenous spread, and Clostridium species with trauma. The clinical presentation of these cases is discussed.

CONCLUSION: These data highlight the importance of anaerobic bacteria in bone and joint infection
PMID: 8420297 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Pediatr Rehabil. 2002 Jan-Mar;5(1):11-9.
JOINT AND BONE INFECTIONS DUE TO ANAEROBIC BACTERIA IN CHILDREN.
Brook I.

The current review describes the microbiology, diagnosis and management of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to anaerobic bacteria in children. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae type-b, and Group A streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Kingela kingae, Neisseria meningiditis and Salmonella spp are the predominant aerobic bacteria that cause arthritis in children. Gonococcal arthritis can occur in sexually active adolescents. The predominant aerobes causing osteomyelitis in children are S. aureus, H. influenzae type-b, Gram-negative enteric bacteria, beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. pneumoniae, K. kingae, Bartonella henselae and Borrelia burgdorferi. Anaerobes have rarely been reported as a cause of these infections in children. The main anaerobes in arthritis include anaerobic Gram negative bacilli including Bacteroides fragilis group, Fusobacterium spp., Clostridium spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. Most of the cases of anaerobic arthritis, in contrast to anaerobic osteomyelitis, involved a single isolate. Most of the cases of anaerobic arthritis are secondary to hematogenous spread. Many patients with osteomyelitis due to anaerobic bacteria have evidence of anaerobic infection elsewhere in the body, which is the source of the organisms involved in osteomyelitis. Treatment of arthritis and osteomyelitis involving anaerobic bacteria includes symptomatic therapy, immobilization in some cases, adequate drainage of purulent material and antibiotic therapy effective to these organisms.
PMID: 12396847 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Br J Neurosurg. 2007 Oct;21(5):473-7.
SPONDYLODISCITIS (DISC SPACE INFECTION) ASSOCIATED WITH NEGATIVE MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTS: COMPARISON OF OUTCOME OF SUSPECTED DISC SPACE INFECTIONS TO DOCUMENTED NON-TUBERCULOUS PYOGENIC DISCITIS.
Bhagat S, Mathieson C, Jandhyala R, Johnston R.

Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK. shaishav_bhagat@rediffmail.com

Discitis, an infection of the disc space, is an uncommon diagnosis that, if missed, can lead to spinal deformity and neurological deterioration, although as many as 30% of these patients will have negative microbiological cultures. It was unclear, however, whether the prognosis differed between patients who had positive or negative cultures. A retrospective case note review was carried out to assess the differences in presentation and outcome between these two groups. There were 26 and 43 patients in the negative and positive groups, respectively. Those with a positive culture were more likely to present with pyrexia, have a neurological deficit and not be independently mobile at presentation. The mean CRP recorded at the time of presentation was 96 and 157 in the negative and positive groups respectively (p = 0.004). Similarly, the mean ESR in the positive group was 88 compared with 69 in the negative group (p = 0.02). In conclusion, these patients may be at different ends of a clinical spectrum: those patients with a positive culture having a greater local and systemic inflammatory reaction to the disc space infection.
PMID: 17852101 [PubMed - in process]

Res Vet Sci. 1976 May;20(3):334-9.
PATHOGENICITY STUDIES IN POULTRY WITH AN UNDEFINED SEROTYPE OF MYCOPLASMA.
Wise DR, Fuller MK.

Pathogenicity trials in poultry are reported with an isolate of mycoplasma, designated 'W8', which is serologically unrelated to Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M synoviae or M meleagridis. W8 killed fowl and turkey embryos when injected into the yold sacs of embryonating eggs. Infection of one-day-old fowls, turkeys and pheasants by the air sac route caused marked growth depression and a high incidence of osteomyelitis of the vertebral column in all species. A large proportion of infected turkeys and a smaller proportion of infected pheasants also developed chondrodystrophic changes of the long bones similar to those of turkey syndrome '65. Infection did not cause mortality or macroscopic air sacculitis. No obvious pathological changes occurred in fowls following W8 infection by the air sac route at two weeks of age and only minimal changes when infection was given at one week. Infection did not appear to spread to in-contact controls. W8 was recovered most frequently and in greatest profusion from the air sacs, tracheas, kidneys and vertebral columns of fowls and turkeys following air sac infection at one day of age.
Infection. 2000 Jan-Feb;28(1):46-8.

RETROPERITONEAL ABSCESS AND BACTEREMIA DUE TO MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS IN A POLYTRAUMATIZED MAN.
Brunner S, Frey-Rindova P, Altwegg M, Zbinden R.
Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
We report a case of a retroperitoneal abscess due to Mycoplasma hominis in a young polytraumatized man who developed septicemia under treatment with rifampin and flucloxacillin. M. hominis was recovered from blood cultures as well as from the abscess near the left iliac spine. After 10 days of therapy with clindamycin the patient improved, and intraoperatively taken swabs were culture negative but still positive by PCR.
PMID: 10697792 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Acta Paediatr. 2005 Sep;94(9):1339-41.

ACUTE SEVERE SPINAL CORD DYSFUNCTION IN A CHILD WITH MENINGITIS: STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE AND MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE CO-INFECTION.
Manteau C, Liet JM, Caillon J, M'Guyen S, Quere MP, Roze JC, Gras-Le Guen C.
Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Mothers' and Children's Hospital, Nantes Teaching Hospital, Nantes, France.
Tetraplegia developed abruptly in an 11-y-old with pneumococcal meningitis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple hyperintensities at the brainstem-spinal cord junction. Serological tests were positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (microparticle agglutination and specific IgMs). Erythromycin and dexamethasone were started promptly, and 10 d later the patient was discharged with normal neurological function. CONCLUSION: Tetraplegia during the course of pneumococcal meningitis in an 11-y-old girl disappeared after treatment with ceftriaxone, erythromycin and dexamethasone.
PMID: 16279003 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Clin Neurosci. 2007 Jan;14(1):61-4. Epub 2006 Nov 7.

REVERSIBLE MYELORADICULOPATHY DUE TO MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE.
Hsing J, Welgampola M, Kiernan MC.
Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
A 22-year-old man presented with flaccid paraparesis and a thoracic sensory level in the context of a recent respiratory illness. Investigations established cerebrospinal pleocytosis with elevated protein, and subsequent serological testing confirmed raised antibody titres to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nerve conduction studies established that H-reflexes were prolonged and somatosensory evoked responses were delayed from the lower limbs bilaterally. Although imaging of the spinal cord revealed no abnormality, clinical and neurophysiological findings were consistent with a myeloradiculopathy. The patient was treated with pulse intravenous methylprednisone and underwent complete recovery over a 4-week period.
PMID: 17092721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]