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Old 07-31-2013, 09:31 PM
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Default Mimosa Pudica (plant)

Interesting plant! This is an excerpt from a longer article: Mimosa pudica L. (Laajvanti): An overview

MAJOR PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Wound healing activity

The roots of M. pudica were studied for wound healing activity by incorporating the methanolic and the total aqueous extracts in simple ointment base B.P. in concentration of 0.5% (w/w), 1% (w/w), and 2% (w/w). Wound healing activity was studied in three types of model in rats viz. excision, incision, and estimation of biochemical parameters. Treatment of wound with ointment containing 2% (w/w) the methanolic and 2% (w/w) the total aqueous extract exhibited significant (P < 0.001) wound healing activity. The methanolic extract exhibited good wound healing activity probably due to phenols constituents.[24]

Regeneration of sciatic nerve

An extract administered in a dose of 1.6 mg/100 g parenterally every 4th day up to 120 days in rats having experimental injury of sciatic nerve, exhibited 30–40% higher results in the process of regeneration of sciatic nerve as compared to the hydrocortisone group.[4]

Antidepressant action

In Mexico, aqueous extracts from dried leaves of M. pudica are employed to alleviate depression. In this study, behavioral actions of aqueous extracts of M. pudica at various concentrations were tested. Rats having received saline (0.9%; 0.30 mL; I.P.), clomipramine, desipramine, or several dosage of aqueous extracts from M. pudica (m1 = 2.0 mg/kg; m2 = 4.0 mg/kg; m3 = 6.0 mg/kg; m4 = 8.0 mg/kg) during a 30-day period were submitted to the forced swimming test and to the test for differential reinforcement of low rates of response at 72 s (DRL-72 s). Any possible anxiolytic action resulting from several doses (m1 = 2.0 mg/kg; m2 = 4.0 mg/kg; m3 = 6.0 mg/kg; m4 = 8.0 mg/kg) of extracts of M. pudica were compared with those caused by diazepam (1.3 mg/kg, I.P.) in the elevated plus-maze test.

Results showed that clomipramine (1.25 mg/kg, I.P.), desipramine (2.14 mg/kg, I.P.), and M. pudica (6.0 mg/kg and 8.0 mg/kg, I.P.) reduced immobility in the forced swimming test and increased the rate of reinforces received in the DRL-72 s test; these data suggest that M. pudica produces antidepressant effects in the rat. Diazepam increased the open-arms exploration time in the elevated plus-maze test, but M. pudica did not show any comparable action at any tested dose. M. pudica therefore produced an anti-depressant like profile similar to two tricyclic anti- depressants.[25]

Anticonvulsant action

The decoction of M. pudica leaves given intraperitoneally at a dose of 1000-4000 mg/kg protected mice against pentylenetetrazole and strychnine-induced seizures. M. pudica had no effect against picrotoxin-induced seizures. It also antagonized N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced turning behavior. These properties could explain its use in African traditional medicine.[26]

Hyperglycemic effect

Ethanolic extracts of M. pudica leaves given by oral route to mice at a dose of 250 mg/kg showed a significant hyperglycemic effect.[27]

Diuretic effect

Decoction of leaves of M. pudica in doses of 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg in rats and dogs exhibited diuretic activity (considering urinary output Na+–K+–Cl- excretion). The activity in rats at 250 mg/kg dose was found to be 82% of standard diuretic (hydrochlorthiazide 2.5 mg/kg) treated group of rats. There was significant reduction (above 50%) of Na+ and Cl- excretion without affecting K+ excretion. The drug can be combined as a moderate diuretic with any modern synthetic diuretic causing K+ loss.

Effect on uterine bleeding

Aqueous extracts of root powder in pilot studies on patients with dysfunction uterine bleeding gave promising results.[4]

Antifertility activity

Mimosa pudica is one of the folk medicinal plants commonly used as antifertility agent in some places in India. Air-dried roots of M. pudica were extracted using methanol. The dried methanol extract of the root was administered orally to Swiss albino mice for 21 consecutive days. Estrous cycle, reproductive hormones (LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone) and number of litters produced were studied in both control and extract administered groups by using standard methods. Phytochemical studies of the methanolic root extract were carried out using qualitative and TLC methods. The root extract of M. pudica has antifertility effect as it prolongs the estrous cycle and disturbs the secretion of gonadotropin hormone in albino mice. The decrease in FSH levels in the proestrous and estrous stages in the extract administered group compared with those of control animals indicates the disturbance of estrous cycle and ovulation through suppression of FSH.[28]

M. pudica root powder (150 mg/kg body weight) when administered intragastrically, altered the estrous cycle pattern in female Rattus norvegicus. Nucleated and cornified cells were absent in all rats. The smear was characterized by leucocytes only, as in diestrus, which persisted for 2 weeks. There was a significant reduction in the number of ova in rats with the root powder compared with the control rats, and a significant increase in the number of degenerated ova.[29]

Spasmogenetic potential

Ethanol extracts (50%) of the whole plant exhibited spasmogenetic activity in isolated guinea pig ileum.[4]

Antihepatotoxic and antioxidant potential

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be responsible for pathogenesis of various diseases affecting tissues and the main organ, the liver. Hence, in this study, the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and ROS elimination and its defense mechanisms by the enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in liver and serum was investigated. Hepatotoxicity was manifested by significantly decreased (P < 0.05) levels in the activities of the enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, and the non-enzymic antioxidants such as glutathione and vitamin-C in rats with induced hepatic damage by ethanol. Simultaneous administration of the leaf extract M. pudica along with the toxin ethanol in rats showed a considerable protection against the toxin-induced oxidative stress and liver damage as evidence by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in antioxidant activities. The study reveals that the co-administration of the M. pudica aqueous extract significantly lowered the level of lipid peroxidation in alcohol-fed mice.[30]

Antivenom activity

The aqueous root extract of M. pudica dose dependently inhibited the hyaluronidase and protease activities of Indian snakes (Naja naja, Vipera russelii, and Echis carinatus) venom.

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of dried roots of M. pudica were tested for their inhibitory activity on lethality, myotoxicity, and toxic enzymes of Naja kaouthia venom. The aqueous extract, particularly the normal water extract, displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the lethality, myotoxicity, and tested enzyme activities of venom compared with alcoholic extracts. The present findings suggest that an aqueous extract of M. pudica root possesses compound(s), which inhibit the activity of cobra venom.[31]

Antimicrobial properties

Antimicrobial activity of the successive extracts of M. pudica whole plant in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water was studied against various Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains using the zone of inhibition. Both the agar well diffusion method and agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the said plant extracts. The microorganisms used in the test were: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanolic extract of said plant was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol and ampicillin were also tested against the said microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts. The results of the study revealed that the M. pudica whole plant extract possesses good antimicrobial activity between the range of 7–18 mm against the pathogens used for screening.[32]

Antifungal activity

The methanolic extract and aqueous extract of 100, 200, and 500 mg were tested against different fungal pathogens, Aspergillus fumigates for their antifungal activity. It was demonstrated by a well diffusion assay.[14]

Antiviral properties

Four of the seven tested medicinal plants exhibited antimicrobial activity against Vibrio cholerae. These seven plants are: Ficus capensis, Mitragyna stipulosa, Entada Africana, Piliostigma reticulatum, Terminalia avicennoides, M. pudica, and Lannea acid. M. pudica showed antimicrobial activity. Potential of these herbs in the control of cholera needs to be determined.[33]

Aphrodisiac property

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of roots of M. pudica Linn. (Mimosae) on libido of sexually normal Swiss albino male mice. The suspension of the extract was administered orally at the dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg, to different groups of male mice (n = 6) once a day for 7 days. The female albino mice involved in mating were made receptive by hormonal treatment. The general libido and potency were determined and compared with the standard reference drug sildenafil citrate. A change in hormonal parameter like testosterone was evaluated. Oral administration of the extract significantly increased the libido and hormonal levels of testosterone. The most appreciable effect of the extract was observed at the dose of 500 mg/kg. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of roots of M. pudica Linn. (Mimosae) produced a significant and sustained increase in the aphrodisiac activity of normal male mice, without any adverse effects.[34]

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