What is a myelogram?

[Alastair]

What is a myelogram?

A myelogram is an X-ray examination performed by a radiologist (a physician who specializes in X-ray procedures and interpretation) in which a contrast material (a dye that can be seen on an X-ray) is injected into the fluid-filled space around the spinal cord. Why a myelogram? To enable the doctor to detect abnormalities of the spine, spinal cord, or surrounding structures. A couple of explanations
The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by cerebral spinal fluid, which is a protective clear liquid containing some proteins and sugar. The body produces this fluid around the brain and spinal cord as needed.

The radiologist may use one of two different contrast materials:
a. an oil-based liquid that is removed after the X-ray exam
b. a water-based liquid that is not removed after the X-ray exam
The procedure prior to and following the exam will vary slightly depending on the type of contrast material used. Preparation for the exam

On the day of the exam you will have a regular or liquid breakfast and then clear liquids only prior to the exam.

You may receive medication by mouth or by injection for relaxation and to prevent discomfort prior to being transported to the X-ray room by cart.

You may receive additional medication or intravenous fluids to prevent possible side effects (such as seizures and dehydration) if you are having a water-based myelogram.

When the radiologist talks to you before the exam, be sure to let him or her know if you have any history of allergy or if you are taking any tranquilizing drugs or drugs against seizures. If you are a woman, the test should not be done if there is any possibility that you may be pregnant, unless it is an emergency.
During the exam
You will lie on your side or on your stomach on an X-ray table.

After numbing medicine is injected, a needle is inserted into the spinal canal (in the low back or neck) and a small amount of spinal fluid is removed for testing. The contrast material is then injected into the spinal canal.

The table is tilted to varying degrees to help move the contrast material through the spinal canal to the desired area. X-rays are taken to visualize the outlined canal.

Depending on the type of dye used, it may then be removed or left in to be absorbed by the body.
Following the exam
If you received an oil-based myelogram, you will be able to turn on your back, stomach, or sides as long as you remain flat in bed for the next 24 hours.

If you received a water-based myelogram, you will be on bedrest with the head of the bed up 15 to 30 degrees for 24 hours.

The nurse will check your blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respirations as ordered.

Medication will be available for headache, nausea, or vomiting if they should develop after the myelogram, but you must request it.

You will be encouraged to drink lots of fluids.
Interpretation of results The radiologist will interpret the results of the procedure and will report the information to your physician who in turn will discuss the results with you.